Abstract: Muna 1987, gwaro rehunyanzvi rine musoro unoti "zvinodiwa zvekubatanidza insulation muSupplement 1 kusvika iec439" rakanyorwa ne sub Technical Committee yeInternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 17D, iyo yakaunza zviri pamutemo kurongeka kwekuisa mukati mune yakaderera voltage switchgear uye kutonga. midziyo.Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo eChina, mune yakakwira uye yakaderera voltage zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, iko kusungirirwa kwekubatanidza kwemidziyo ichiri dambudziko hombe.Nekuda kwekuunzwa zviri pamutemo kweiyo insulation coordination concept mune yakaderera voltage switchgear uye yekudzora michina, ingori nyaya yeanoda kusvika makore maviri.Naizvozvo, idambudziko rakakosha kubata nekugadzirisa dambudziko rekubatanidza kusungirira muchigadzirwa.
Mazwi akakosha: Insulation uye insulation zvinhu zveyakaderera voltage switchgear
Insulation coordination inyaya yakakosha ine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi emagetsi, uye yakagara ichitariswa kubva kune ese maficha.Insulation coordination yakatanga kushandiswa mune yakakwira voltage zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.Muna 1987, gwaro rehunyanzvi rakanzi "zvinodiwa zvekubatanidza insulation muSupplement 1 kusvika iec439" rakanyorwa ne sub Technical Committee yeInternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 17D, iyo yakaunza zviri pamutemo kurongeka kwekudzivirira mukati meiyo yakaderera voltage switchgear uye yekudzora michina.Nezve mamiriro chaiwo enyika yedu ane chekuita, iko kusungirirwa kwemidziyo yemidziyo ichiri dambudziko rakakura mune yakakwira uye yakaderera voltage zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti tsaona yakakonzerwa neyakavharirwa system inoita 50% - 60% yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi muChina.Uyezve, angori makore maviri chete kubvira pfungwa yekubatanidza kusungirirwa yakataurwa zviri pamutemo mune yakaderera voltage switchgear uye yekudzora michina.Naizvozvo, idambudziko rakakosha kubata nekugadzirisa dambudziko rekubatanidza kusungirira muchigadzirwa.
2. Nheyo yekutanga yekubatanidza kusungirirwa
Insulation coordination inoreva kuti magetsi ekudzivirira maitiro emidziyo anosarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ebasa uye nharaunda yakatenderedza yemidziyo.Chete kana dhizaini yemidziyo yakavakirwa pasimba rebasa rainotakura muhupenyu hwayo hunotarisirwa, iko iko kurongeka kwekudzivirira kunogona kuitika.Dambudziko rekubatanidza kusungirirwa kwete chete rinobva kunze kwemidziyo asiwo kubva kune midziyo pachayo.Iri idambudziko rinosanganisira zvese zvikamu, izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere.Pfungwa huru dzakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: kutanga, mamiriro ekushandisa emidziyo;Yechipiri inzvimbo yekushandiswa kwemidziyo, uye yechitatu ndiyo kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekudzivirira.
(1) Equipment mamiriro
Mamiriro ekushandisa emidziyo anonyanya kutaura kune voltage, munda wemagetsi uye frequency inoshandiswa nemidziyo.
1. Ukama pakati pekubatanidza kusungirirwa uye voltage.Mukutarisa hukama huri pakati pekurongedzerwa kwekubatanidza uye voltage, iyo voltage inogona kuitika musystem, voltage inogadzirwa nemidziyo, inodiwa inoenderera mberi voltage operation level, uye njodzi yekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu netsaona ichatariswa.
1. Chikamu chemagetsi uye overvoltage, waveform.
a) Inoenderera simba frequency voltage, ine inogara R, m, s voltage
b) Yenguva overvoltage, simba frequency overvoltage kwenguva yakareba
c) Kupfuura kuputika kwemhepo, over-voltage yemamilliseconds mashoma kana mashoma, kazhinji yakakwira damping oscillation kana kusatenderera.
——Kuwedzera kwechinguvana, kazhinji nzira imwe chete, kusvika pakukosha kwe20 μ s.
--Fast wave pre overvoltage: Kuwedzeredza kwechinguvana, kazhinji munzira imwe, inosvika pakukosha kwe0.1 μ s.
——Steep wave front overvoltage: Kuwedzeredza kwechinguvana, kazhinji munzira imwe, kunosvika panhongonya kukosha paTF ≤ 0.1 μ s.Iyo yakazara nguva ishoma pane 3MS, uye kune superposition oscillation, uye frequency ye oscillation iri pakati pe30kHz
Zvinoenderana neiyo yepamusoro overvoltage mhando, yakajairwa voltage waveform inogona kutsanangurwa.
2. Ukama huri pakati penguva refu AC kana DC voltage uye insulation coordination ichaonekwa seyakatemerwa voltage, rated insulation voltage uye chaiyo kushanda voltage.Mukushanda kwakajairwa uye kwenguva refu kweiyo system, iyo yakatemerwa insulation voltage uye chaiyo yekushanda voltage inofanirwa kutariswa.Pamusoro pekusangana nezvinodiwa zveyero, isu tinofanirwa kubhadhara zvakanyanya kumamiriro chaiwo emagetsi eChina grid.Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo kuti hutano hwegridhi yemagetsi hahuna kukwirira muChina, pakugadzira zvigadzirwa, iyo chaiyo inogoneka yekushanda voltage inonyanya kukosha pakugadzirisa kusungirirwa.
Hukama pakati penguva pfupi overvoltage uye insulation coordination ine chekuita nemamiriro ekudzorwa pamusoro-voltage mumagetsi system.Muhurongwa uye midziyo, kune akawanda marudzi e overvoltage.Kufurira kwe overvoltage kunofanirwa kutariswa zvakazara.Mu low voltage power system, overvoltage inogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana.Naizvozvo, kuwandisa kuri muhurongwa kunoongororwa nenzira yenhamba, ichiratidza pfungwa yekugona kuitika, Uye inogona kutariswa nenzira yezviverengero zvingangoitika kana kutonga kwekudzivirira kuchidiwa.
2. Overvoltage chikamu chemidziyo
Zvinoenderana nemamiriro emidziyo, iyo yakareba-yakareba inoenderera voltage yekushanda nhanho inodiwa ichave yakakamurwa zvakananga mukirasi IV neiyo overvoltage chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi akaderera grid.Midziyo ye overvoltage chikamu IV ndiyo midziyo inoshandiswa pakupera kwemagetsi echishandiso chekugovera, senge ammeter nemidziyo yekudzivirira yazvino yenhanho yapfuura.Midziyo yekirasi III overvoltage ibasa rekuisa mumudziyo wekugovera, uye kuchengetedzwa uye kushanda kwemidziyo kunofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa, senge switchgear mumudziyo wekugovera.Midziyo ye overvoltage kirasi II ndiyo inopedza simba midziyo inofambiswa neyekugovera mudziyo, senge mutoro wekushandisa pamba uye zvakafanana zvinangwa.Midziyo ye overvoltage class I yakabatana kune iyo midziyo inoganhura kupfuudza overvoltage kusvika padanho rakaderera, senge electronic circuit ine over-voltage dziviriro.Kune michina isina kupihwa zvakananga neyakaderera voltage grid, iyo yakanyanya voltage uye yakakomba musanganiswa wemamiriro akasiyana siyana anogona kuitika mumidziyo yesystem inofanirwa kuverengerwa.
Kana iyo midziyo ichizoshanda mumamiriro epamusoro epamusoro overvoltage chikamu, uye iyo michina pachayo isina yakakwana inobvumidzwa overvoltage chikamu, matanho achatorwa kudzikisa kuwanda kwenzvimbo, uye nzira dzinotevera dzinogona kutorwa.
a) Pamusoro pemagetsi ekudzivirira mudziyo
b) Transformers ine mhepo yega yega
c) Iyo yakawanda bazi redunhu redunhu rekugovera sisitimu ine yakagovaniswa yekufambisa wave ichipfuura nepakati pesimba remagetsi
d) Capacitance inokwanisa kutora surge overvoltage simba
e) Damping mudziyo unokwanisa kutora surge overvoltage simba
3. Munda wemagetsi uye kakawanda
Munda wemagetsi wakakamurwa kuita yunifomu yemagetsi ndima uye isina-uniform yemagetsi munda.Mune yakaderera voltage switchgear, inowanzoonekwa senge iri mune isiri-uniform yemagetsi munda.Dambudziko rema frequency richiri kutariswa.Kazhinji, yakaderera frequency haina pesvedzero pakubatanidza kusungirira, asi yakakwira frequency ichine pesvedzero, kunyanya pazvinhu zvekudzivirira.
(2) Hukama huri pakati pekubatanidza kusungirirwa uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza
Iyo macro nharaunda iyo midziyo iripo inokanganisa kurongeka kwe insulation.Kubva pane zvinodikanwa zvezvino zvinoshanda uye zviyero, shanduko yemhepo yekumanikidza inongofunga nezve shanduko yemhepo inokonzerwa nekukwirira.Shanduko yemhepo yemazuva ese haina kufuratirwa, uye zvinhu zvetembiricha nehunyoro hazvina kufuratirwa.Zvisinei, kana pane zvinodiwa zvakarurama, zvinhu izvi zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo.Kubva kunharaunda diki, iyo macro nharaunda inosarudza iyo micro nharaunda, asi iyo diki nharaunda inogona kunge iri nani kana yakaipa kupfuura iyo macro nharaunda michina.Iwo akasiyana mazinga ekudzivirira, kudziyisa, kufefetedza uye guruva regoko rinogona kukanganisa iyo micro nharaunda.Iyo micro nharaunda ine zvigadziriso zvakajeka mune yakakodzera zviyero.Ona Tafura 1, iyo inopa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa.
(3) Insulation kurongeka uye insulation zvinhu
Dambudziko rekuisa insulating rakanyanya kuomarara, rakasiyana negasi, ishongedzo yemukati isingagone kudzoserwa kana yakuvadzwa.Kunyangwe netsaona overvoltage chiitiko chinogona kukonzera kukuvara zvachose.Mukushandiswa kwenguva refu, zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvinosangana nemamiriro akasiyana siyana, senge tsaona dzekuburitsa, nezvimwewo uye iyo yekuvharisa iyo pachayo inokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaunganidzwa kwenguva yakareba, senge thermal stress Temperature, mechanical impact uye kumwe kushushikana kunowedzera. kuchembera.Zvemidziyo yekudzivirira, nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana siyana, hunhu hwemidziyo yekudzivirira haina yunifomu, kunyangwe paine akawanda zviratidzo.Izvi zvinounza kumwe kuomerwa pakusarudza uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira, ndicho chikonzero nei mamwe maitiro emidziyo yekudzivirira, senge thermal stress, mechanical properties, partial discharge, etc., isingatariswe parizvino.Pesvedzero yekumanikidza kuri pamusoro pamusoro pezvinhu zvekudzivirira yakakurukurwa muzvinyorwa zveIEC, izvo zvinogona kuita basa remhando mukushandisa kunoshanda, asi hazvisati zvaita kutungamira kwehuwandu.Parizvino, kune akawanda akaderera voltage emagetsi zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa sehuwandu zviratidzi zve insulating zvinhu, izvo zvinofananidzwa neCTI kukosha kweakageji mark index, iyo inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu nemhando ina, uye kuramba kune leakage mark index PTI.Iyo leakage mark indekisi inoshandiswa kugadzira leakage trace nekudonhedza mvura yakasvibiswa mvura pamusoro pechinhu chekudzivirira.Kuenzanisa kwehuwandu kunopiwa.
Iyi imwe nhamba yehuwandu yakashandiswa pakugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa.
3. Kusimbiswa kwekubatanidza kusungirirwa
Parizvino, iyo yakanyanya kunaka nzira yekusimbisa kurongeka kwekudzivirira ndeye kushandisa impulse dielectric test, uye akasiyana akatemerwa impulse voltage values anogona kusarudzirwa michina yakasiyana.
1. Simbisa kurongeka kwekudzivirira kwemidziyo ine rated impulse voltage test
1.2/50 ye rated impulse voltage μ S wave fomu.
Iyo inobuda impedance ye impulse generator ye impulse test power supply inofanirwa kunge inopfuura mazana mashanu kazhinji Ω， Iyo yakatemerwa impulse voltage value ichatemerwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushandisa, overvoltage chikamu uye kwenguva refu yekushandisa voltage yemidziyo, uye ichagadziriswa zvinoenderana. kusvika pakukwirira kunoenderana.Parizvino, mamwe mamiriro ekuedzwa anoiswa kune yakaderera voltage switchgear.Kana pasina chirevo chakajeka pane humidity uye tembiricha, inofanirawo kunge iri mukati mechikamu chekushandiswa kweiyo chiyero cheswitchgear yakakwana.Kana iyo nharaunda yekushandiswa kwemidziyo iri pamusoro peiyo inoshanda chiyero cheiyo switchgear set, inofanirwa kutariswa seyakagadziriswa.Hukama hwekugadzirisa pakati pemhepo yekumanikidza uye tembiricha ndeichi:
K=P/101.3 × 293( Δ T＋293)
K - kururamisa parameters yemhepo yekumanikidza uye tembiricha
Δ T - tembiricha musiyano K pakati chaiyo (Laboratory) tembiricha uye T = 20 ℃
P - dzvinyiriro chaiyo kPa
2. Dielectric test yeimwe impulse voltage
Kune yakaderera voltage switchgear, AC kana DC bvunzo inogona kushandiswa pachinzvimbo cheimpulse voltage bvunzo, asi iyi mhando yebvunzo nzira yakaomarara kupfuura impulse voltage test, uye inofanirwa kubvumirana nemugadziri.
Nguva yekuedza ndeye 3 cycles munyaya yekukurukurirana.
DC bvunzo, chikamu chimwe nechimwe (chakanaka uye chisina kunaka) chakateerana chakashandiswa voltage katatu, nguva yega yega inosvika gumi.
1. Kutsunga kweiyo yakajairika overvoltage.
2. Rongedza pamwe nekutsunga kwekumira voltage.
3. Kutsunga kweyero yakatemerwa insulation level.
4. General nzira yekubatanidza kusungirirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-20-2023