Abstract: insulation coordination inyaya yakakosha ine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi emagetsi, uye yakagara ichitariswa kubva kune ese maficha.Insulation coordination yakatanga kushandiswa mune yakakwira voltage zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.MuChina, tsaona yakakonzerwa neyakavharirwa system inoita 50% kusvika 60% yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi muChina.Pangori makore maviri chete kubvira pfungwa yekubatanidza kusungirirwa yakataurwa zviri pamutemo mune yakaderera voltage switchgear uye yekudzora michina.Naizvozvo, idambudziko rakakosha kubata nekugadzirisa dambudziko rekubatanidza kusungirira muchigadzirwa nenzira kwayo, uye kutarisisa kwakakwana kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kwairi.
Mazwi akakosha: insulation uye insulation zvinhu zveyakaderera voltage switchgear
0. Nhanganyaya
Iyo yakaderera voltage switchgear ine basa rekutonga, dziviriro, kuyerwa, kushandura uye kugovera kwesimba remagetsi mune yakaderera voltage magetsi ekupa system.Sezvo iyo yakaderera-voltage switchgear inopinda yakadzika munzvimbo yekugadzira, nzvimbo yeruzhinji, yekugara uye dzimwe nzvimbo, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nzvimbo dzese dzinoshandiswa midziyo yemagetsi dzichange dzakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yakaderera-voltage.Inenge 80% yesimba remagetsi muChina rinopihwa kuburikidza ne-low-voltage switchgear.Iko kuvandudzwa kweiyo low-voltage switchgear inotorwa kubva kuindasitiri yezvinhu, yakaderera-voltage magetsi emagetsi, kugadzira tekinoroji uye michina yekuvaka infrastructure uye mararamiro evanhu, saka mwero we low voltage switchgear unoratidza simba rehupfumi, sainzi uye tekinoroji uye mararamiro e nyika kubva kune rumwe rutivi.
1. Nheyo yekutanga yekubatanidza kusungirirwa
Insulation coordination inoreva kuti magetsi ekudzivirira maitiro emidziyo anosarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ebasa uye nharaunda yakatenderedza yemidziyo.Chete kana dhizaini yemidziyo yakavakirwa pasimba rebasa rainotakura muhupenyu hwayo hunotarisirwa, iko iko kurongeka kwekudzivirira kunogona kuitika.Dambudziko rekubatanidza kusungirirwa kwete chete rinobva kunze kwemidziyo asiwo kubva kune midziyo pachayo.Iri idambudziko rinosanganisira zvese zvikamu, izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere.Pfungwa huru dzakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: kutanga, mamiriro ekushandisa emidziyo;Yechipiri inzvimbo yekushandiswa kwemidziyo, uye yechitatu ndiyo kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekudzivirira.
1.1 Mamiriro ekushandisa emidziyo mamiriro ekushandisa emidziyo anonyanya kureva voltage, ndima yemagetsi uye frequency inoshandiswa nemidziyo.
1.1.1 hukama pakati pekubatanidza kurongedza uye voltage.Mukutarisa hukama huri pakati pekurongedzerwa kwekubatanidza uye voltage, iyo voltage inogona kuitika musystem, voltage inogadzirwa nemidziyo, inodiwa inoenderera mberi voltage operation level, uye njodzi yekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu netsaona ichatariswa.
① Chikamu chevoltage uye overvoltage, waveform.
A. inoenderera simba frequency voltage, ine inogara R, m, s voltage;
B. temporary overvoltage, simba frequency overvoltage kwenguva refu;
C transient overvoltage, over-voltage yemamilliseconds mashoma kana mashoma, inowanzo wedzera kunyorovesa oscillation kana kusava oscillation.
--Kupfuura kwepamusoro-soro, kazhinji nzira imwe chete, inosvika pakukosha kwe20 μ sTp5000 μ Pakati peS, nguva yevheji muswe T2 ≤ 20ms.
——Fast wave pre overvoltage: a overvoltage yenguva pfupi, kazhinji munzira imwe, inosvika pakukosha kwe0.1 μ sT120 μ s.Wave muswe wenguva T2 ≤ 300 μ s.
——Steep wave front overvoltage: a transient overvoltage, kazhinji munzira imwe, inosvika peak value paTF ≤ 0.1 μ s.Iyo yakazara nguva ndeye 3MS, uye kune superimposed oscillation, uye frequency ye oscillation iri pakati pe30kHz ne100MHz.
D. yakabatanidzwa (yenguva pfupi, inononoka mberi, inokurumidza, inokwidza) overvoltage.
Zvinoenderana neiyo yepamusoro overvoltage mhando, yakajairwa voltage waveform inogona kutsanangurwa.
② Hukama huri pakati penguva refu AC kana DC voltage uye insulation coordination inofanira kufunga rated voltage, rated insulation voltage uye chaiyo kushanda voltage.Mukushanda kwakajairwa uye kwenguva refu kweiyo system, iyo yakatemerwa insulation voltage uye chaiyo yekushanda voltage inofanirwa kutariswa.Pamusoro pekusangana nezvinodiwa zveyakajairwa, isu tinofanirwa kutarisisa kune chaiyo mamiriro eChina magetsi grid.Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo kuti hutano hwegridhi yemagetsi hahuna kukwirira muChina, pakugadzira zvigadzirwa, iyo chaiyo inogoneka yekushanda voltage inonyanya kukosha pakugadzirisa kusungirirwa.
③ Hukama huri pakati pekupfuura overvoltage uye kusungirirwa kwekubatanidza kune hukama nemamiriro ekudzorwa pamusoro-voltage mumagetsi system.Muhurongwa uye midziyo, kune akawanda marudzi e overvoltage.Kufurira kwe overvoltage kunofanirwa kutariswa zvakazara.Mu low voltage power system, overvoltage inogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana.Naizvozvo, kuwandisa kuri muhurongwa kunoongororwa nenzira yenhamba, ichiratidza pfungwa yekugona kuitika, Uye inogona kutariswa nenzira yezviverengero zvingangoitika kana kutonga kwekudzivirira kuchidiwa.
1.1.2 iyo over-voltage chikamu chemidziyo ichakamurwa kuita IV kirasi zvakananga kubva kune yakawedzera-voltage chikamu cheyakaderera-voltage magetsi gidhi remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi zvinoenderana neiyo yakareba-inoenderera mberi voltage kushanda level inodiwa nemamiriro ekushandisa emidziyo.Midziyo ye overvoltage chikamu IV ndiyo midziyo inoshandiswa pakupera kwemagetsi echishandiso chekugovera, senge ammeter nemidziyo yekudzivirira yazvino yenhanho yapfuura.Midziyo ye overvoltage kirasi III ibasa rekuiswa mumudziyo wekugovera, uye kuchengetedzwa uye kushanda kwemidziyo kunofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakakosha, senge switchgear mumudziyo wekugovera.Midziyo ye overvoltage kirasi II ndiyo inopedza simba midziyo inofambiswa neyekugovera mudziyo, senge mutoro wekushandisa pamba uye zvakafanana zvinangwa.Midziyo ye overvoltage class I yakabatana kune iyo midziyo inoganhura kupfuudza overvoltage kusvika padanho rakaderera, senge electronic circuit ine over-voltage dziviriro.Kune michina isina kupihwa zvakananga neyakaderera voltage grid, iyo yakanyanya voltage uye yakakomba musanganiswa wemamiriro akasiyana siyana anogona kuitika mumidziyo yesystem inofanirwa kuverengerwa.
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Munda wemagetsi wakakamurwa kuita yunifomu yemagetsi ndima uye isina-uniform yemagetsi munda.Mune yakaderera voltage switchgear, inowanzoonekwa senge iri mune isiri-uniform yemagetsi munda.Dambudziko rema frequency richiri kutariswa.Kazhinji, yakaderera frequency haina pesvedzero pakubatanidza kusungirira, asi yakakwira frequency ichine pesvedzero, kunyanya pazvinhu zvekudzivirira.
1.2 iyo macro nharaunda yemidziyo ine chekuita nekubatanidza kusungirirwa uye mamiriro ekunze anokanganisa kurongeka kwekuisa.Kubva pane zvinodikanwa zvezvino zvinoshanda zvekushandisa uye zviyero, shanduko yemhepo yekumanikidza inongofunga nezve shanduko yemhepo inokonzerwa nekukwirira.Shanduko yemhepo yemazuva ese haina kufuratirwa, uye zvinhu zvetembiricha nehunyoro hazvina kufuratirwa.Zvisinei, kana pane zvakawanda zvinodikanwa, mhepo yemhepo inoshandurwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvezviyero, Izvi zvinhu zvinofanirawo kuverengwa.Kubva kunharaunda diki, iyo macro nharaunda inosarudza iyo micro nharaunda, asi iyo diki nharaunda inogona kunge iri nani kana yakaipa kupfuura iyo macro nharaunda michina.Iwo akasiyana mazinga ekudzivirira, kudziyisa, kufefetedza uye guruva regoko rinogona kukanganisa iyo micro nharaunda.Iyo micro nharaunda ine zvigadziriso zvakajeka mune akakodzera zviyero, izvo zvinopa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa.
1.3 matambudziko ekubatanidza kusungirirwa uye zvinhu zvekuisa mukati zvakaoma.Yakasiyana negasi, uye insulating medium isingagone kudzoserwa kana yakuvadzwa.Kunyangwe netsaona overvoltage chiitiko chinogona kukonzera kukuvara zvachose.Mukushandiswa kwenguva refu, zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvinosangana nemamiriro akasiyana siyana, senge tsaona dzekuburitsa, Iyo yekuvharira zvinhu pachayo inomhanyisa kuchembera kwayo nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana zvakaunganidzwa kwenguva yakareba, senge kushushikana kwekupisa, tembiricha, mashandiro emagetsi nezvimwe. zvinonetsa.Zvemidziyo yekudzivirira, nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana siyana, hunhu hwemidziyo yekudzivirira haina yunifomu, kunyangwe paine akawanda zviratidzo.Izvi zvinounza kumwe kuomerwa pakusarudza uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira, ndicho chikonzero nei mamwe maitiro emidziyo yekudzivirira, senge thermal stress, mechanical properties, partial discharge, etc., isingatariswe parizvino.
2. Verification yekubatanidza kusungirirwa
Parizvino, iyo yakanyanya kunaka nzira yekusimbisa kurongeka kwekudzivirira ndeye kushandisa impulse dielectric test, uye akasiyana akatemerwa impulse voltage values anogona kusarudzirwa michina yakasiyana.
2.1 iyo insulation inoenderana yakayerwa impulse voltage yemidziyo ndeye 1.2/50 neyakayerwa impulse voltage test μ S wave fomu.
Iyo inobuda impedance ye impulse generator ye impulse test power supply inofanirwa kunge inopfuura mazana mashanu kazhinji Ω， Iyo yakatemerwa impulse voltage value ichatemerwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushandisa, overvoltage chikamu uye kwenguva refu yekushandisa voltage yemidziyo, uye ichagadziriswa zvinoenderana. kusvika pakukwirira kunoenderana.Parizvino, mamwe mamiriro ekuedzwa anoiswa kune yakaderera voltage switchgear.Kana pasina chirevo chakajeka pane humidity uye tembiricha, inofanirawo kunge iri mukati mechikamu chekushandiswa kweiyo chiyero cheswitchgear yakakwana.Kana iyo nharaunda yekushandiswa kwemidziyo iri pamusoro peiyo inoshanda chiyero cheiyo switchgear set, inofanirwa kutariswa seyakagadziriswa.Hukama hwekugadzirisa pakati pemhepo yekumanikidza uye tembiricha ndeichi:
K=P/101.3 × 293( Δ T+293)
K - kururamisa parameters yekumanikidza kwemhepo uye tembiricha
Δ T - tembiricha musiyano K pakati chaiyo (Laboratory) tembiricha uye T = 20 ℃
P - dzvinyiriro chaiyo kPa
2.2 yeyakaderera voltage switchgear, AC kana DC bvunzo inogona kushandiswa kutsiva impulse voltage bvunzo yedielectric bvunzo yeimwe impulse voltage, asi iyi mhando yenzira yekuyedza yakaomarara kupfuura impulse voltage test, uye inofanirwa kubvumidzwa nemugadziri.
Nguva yekuedza ndeye 3 cycles munyaya yekukurukurirana.
DC bvunzo, chikamu chimwe nechimwe (chakanaka uye chisina kunaka) chakateerana chakashandiswa voltage katatu, nguva yega yega inosvika gumi.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo eChina, mune yakakwira uye yakaderera voltage zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, iko kusungirirwa kwekubatanidza kwemidziyo ichiri dambudziko hombe.Nekuda kwekuunzwa zviri pamutemo kweiyo insulation coordination concept mune yakaderera voltage switchgear uye yekudzora michina, ingori nyaya yeanoda kusvika makore maviri.Naizvozvo, idambudziko rakakosha kubata nekugadzirisa dambudziko rekubatanidza kusungirira muchigadzirwa.
Reference:
[1] Iec439-1 yakaderera voltage switchgear uye yekudzora michina - Chikamu I: mhando bvunzo uye chikamu chemhando bvunzo yakazara michina [s].
Iec890 tarisa kukwira kwekushisa kweyakaderera voltage switchgear uye kudzora michina kuburikidza neimwe mhando bvunzo seti neextrapolation nzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-20-2023